{"id":10574,"date":"2026-02-10T15:42:35","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T14:42:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/verfahren\/liquid-chromatography\/"},"modified":"2026-02-27T11:25:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T10:25:46","slug":"liquid-chromatography","status":"publish","type":"verfahren","link":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/verfahren\/liquid-chromatography\/","title":{"rendered":"Liquid Chromatography"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10574\" class=\"elementor elementor-10574 elementor-10348\" data-elementor-post-type=\"verfahren\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2b05d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5d2b05d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8199c72 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8199c72\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae1d49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ae1d49\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da75339 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da75339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liquid Chromatography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d83616 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7d83616\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4d84e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a4d84e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df504b0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df504b0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bc806c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bc806c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Liquid Chromatography (LC\/HPLC):<br>Separation method for the analysis of complex substance mixtures<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-275d6c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"275d6c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8738cd8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8738cd8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7035009 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7035009\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a9fa46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a9fa46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/sas-hagmann-fluessigchroatographie-labor-analytik-v01-rjrkwezz1jim7lw72yy7ds6zebr5u92gcf3n9esncw.jpg\" title=\"sas-hagmann-fluessigchroatographie-labor-analytik-v01\" alt=\"Laboratory technician performing sample preparation for liquid chromatography (HPLC\/IC) at the SAS Hagmann testing laboratory for the analysis of chemical substances and mixtures.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c7f045 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c7f045\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da4d5f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"da4d5f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Foundations of Liquid Chromatography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de02847 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de02847\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liquid chromatography (LC\/HPLC) is an analytical method that enables the separation of substances in a mixture. In this process, analytes are distinguished from one another based on their specific interaction with the stationary phase and the mobile phase. This form of chromatography is used in numerous laboratory analysis applications and is particularly suitable for the precise analysis of complex samples. Modern systems utilize various detectors, specific solvents, and precisely coordinated components to ensure reproducible results. Liquid chromatography is especially suitable for non-volatile, thermally labile, or highly polar molecules.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb17ee0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"eb17ee0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2460\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2460\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Principle of chromatography with mobile and stationary phase <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2460\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed99ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ed99ae\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d55a28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d55a28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The mobile phase transports the mixture through the separation column, which is packed with a defined filling material that forms the stationary phase. Depending on the type, surface area, or polarity of the stationary phase, various interactions can occur with the individual components of the mixture to be separated. Different polarities of the molecules lead to variable retention times, which are the basis for quantitative and qualitative chromatographic evaluation.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2461\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2461\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Separation of substance mixtures via interactions and retention times <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2461\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9975111 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9975111\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfa3ca5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfa3ca5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the testing laboratory, the separation of a substance mixture occurs through adsorption, partition, or ion exchange processes. The resulting retention times serve to identify the analytes. To tailor the separation process to the specific nature of the inquiry, various parameters can be varied, such as the choice and composition of the eluent, flow rates, etc.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2462\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2462\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Differences to other chromatography methods <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2462\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6beb0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6beb0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f02167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f02167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In contrast to gas chromatography, liquid chromatography (LC) is particularly suitable for non-volatile, thermally labile, or highly polar substances. Ion chromatography is a special case of liquid chromatography and is used for the determination of charged analytes, especially inorganic ions. Overall, the various methods within liquid chromatography cover a broader spectrum of analytes.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7796327 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7796327\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d94c2ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d94c2ad\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fea7ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9fea7ee\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c74f21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c74f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Structure and components of an LC system<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6ce9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b6ce9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A typical LC system in a testing laboratory usually includes a pump system, mixing chambers for eluents, automated sample injection (autosampler), a separation column, detectors, and a precise control and data evaluation unit. The choice of components influences the resolution, sensitivity, and robustness of the system. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11bb1b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c11bb1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63bf230 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63bf230\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bddcc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"3bddcc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-6270\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-6270\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mobile Phase and Solvent Selection <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-6270\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1df19e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1df19e0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdbf8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efdbf8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The mobile phase \u2013 usually a mixture of organic solvents and water \u2013 influences the retention times and thus the separation of the analytes in the mixture through its elution effect. The selection of solvents for the mobile phase and the nature of their mixing is determined based on the physical properties of the expected analytes. The liquid composition depends significantly on the physicochemical properties of the analytes.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fd330a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0fd330a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d20514d elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"d20514d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2200\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2200\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Stationary Phase, Column, and Column Material <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2200\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e31412d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e31412d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c16c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68c16c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Modern separation columns mostly use reversed-phase materials (e.g., C18), and more rarely normal-phase or HILIC. The column material (1.7\u20135 \u00b5m particles, core-shell or fully porous particles) determines efficiency and pressure behavior. The stationary phase defines the selectivity of the system.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2673052 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2673052\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce8592f elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"ce8592f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2160\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2160\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Pump, Injection, and Detection <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2160\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3179fea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3179fea\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de72c88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de72c88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>High-precision pumps ensure stable pressure and uniform flow rates. The injector transfers the sample into the system in a reproducible manner. For detection, UV and Diode Array Detectors (DAD), as well as mass spectrometers, are among the devices used.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce1d856 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ce1d856\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665308e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"665308e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c766f03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c766f03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcf53da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcf53da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This section focuses on physical particles and visible residues. Methods such as optical microscopy, FT-IR, or SEM-EDX enable the examination, classification, and analysis of particles. The data obtained help to assess material properties and optimize manufacturing processes.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3411e94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3411e94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9f6191 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"a9f6191\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1780\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1780\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Advantages of High-Performance Chromatography for Complex Analytes <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1780\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16d4b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16d4b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbeff9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fbeff9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HPLC achieves excellent separations in the case of complex analytes, particularly for products with many components, degradation products, or impurities. Thanks to its good methodological transferability combined with high reproducibility, HPLC has established itself as a standard technology for testing laboratories. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1781\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1781\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> UHPLC for Fast Separations at High Pressure <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1781\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ada630 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ada630\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d78e255 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d78e255\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>UHPLC systems use smaller particle sizes for the stationary phases and thus achieve higher pressures at comparable flow rates, which is accompanied by an increase in separation performance. Due to the associated reduction in analysis times, this method is ideally suited for fast screening analyses in everyday laboratory work. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1782\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1782\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Influence of Pressure, Flow Rate, and Temperature on the Separation Process <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1782\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f58f279 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f58f279\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9b8888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9b8888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parameters such as pressure, flow rate, temperature, or solvent gradients significantly influence the interaction between analytes and the liquid mobile phase and thus the entire separation process. Optimal adjustment of these parameters during method development improves retention times and the quality of the analysis. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73b7e76 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"73b7e76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8891e97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8891e97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50266b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50266b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Detectors and Couplings in Liquid Chromatography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba61a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ba61a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After successful separation, the individual components transported by the mobile phase must be recorded and detected after exiting the separation column. In liquid chromatography, various detectors are used for this purpose, depending on the nature of the substances. Of particular importance is the coupling of LC methods with mass spectrometry techniques such as LC-MS, HPLC-MS, or UHPLC-MS, as the combination of these techniques contributes significantly to structural elucidation and thus the identification of the analytes.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f71966c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f71966c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e36f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0e36f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01ebf52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"01ebf52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2010\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2010\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> UV\/Vis and DAD Detection for Quantitative Analysis <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2010\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a612c33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a612c33\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eb4890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3eb4890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>UV\/VIS and DAD systems are highly suitable for determining molecules with quantifications of light-absorbing chromophores. Additionally, DAD provides spectral information for absorption characterization. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbb1a75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fbb1a75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45576e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"45576e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7270\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7270\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> LC\/HPLC\/UPLC-MS with Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Analytes <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7270\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f7ce3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"22f7ce3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7866524 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7866524\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Through various ionization techniques, mass spectrometry provides structural information in addition to quantitative determination, depending on the type of analyte. In particular, ionization methods such as ESI or APCI significantly expand the range of analytical methods. This enables very precise conclusions about analytes, even in complex samples.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9229f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d9229f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6cf6dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6cf6dc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-425942d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"425942d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Applications of Liquid Chromatography in Testing Laboratories<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-445b44e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"445b44e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liquid chromatography is a central method for quality control, pollutant analysis, and materials testing. It is equally suitable for the analysis of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and material samples, enabling precise separation and analysis of even complex substance mixtures, making it indispensable for routine laboratory work. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9e187 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f9e187\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98e01dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"98e01dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1600\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1600\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Analysis of Impurities and Residues in Products <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1600\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bb9585 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bb9585\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f25e9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f25e9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Using liquid chromatography, even the smallest impurities and residues in chemical, pharmaceutical, or technical products can be detected. Through the combination with various detectors or MS coupling, even trace analytes can be reliably identified and quantified. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1601\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1601\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Quantitative Determination of Individual Components in Substance Mixtures <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1601\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4838067 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4838067\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02ee77b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02ee77b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Complex substance mixtures can be reliably separated into their components and quantitatively determined using liquid chromatography. In addition to determining concentration, this precise measurement enables the evaluation of the composition and purity of samples. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1602\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1602\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Material and Materials Analysis with Chromatographic Methods <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1602\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a998b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a998b6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59103f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59103f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liquid chromatography allows for the reliable identification and characterization of additives, plasticizers, and stabilizers based on their specific interactions with the column. This supports the assessment of material quality, product safety, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The method is equally suitable for both pharmaceutical and chemical LC analyses.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5edf2ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5edf2ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8727abc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8727abc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44bd50b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44bd50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evaluation, Detection, and Documentation of Results<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be87c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be87c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The HPLC evaluation is essentially carried out using the retention times as well as the area integrals of the detected signals. In the case of LC-MS, additional information regarding the molecular or fragment masses of the detected analyte ions is provided, which, in an ideal case, enables precise structural assignment. Complete documentation ensures traceability, quality assurance, and verification of testing.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-642138a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"642138a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbfead7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cbfead7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e52c885 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"e52c885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2400\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2400\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Qualitative vs. Quantitative LC Analyses <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2400\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3f8c57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3f8c57\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85570d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85570d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In liquid chromatography, qualitative analyses serve to identify analytes by comparing retention times with known reference substances. Quantitative analyses determine the exact concentration of components based on calibrations or internal standards. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2401\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2401\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Documentation of Results for Quality Assurance and Verification of Testing <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2401\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d50daa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d50daa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-174bbfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"174bbfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All LC results are fully documented, including retention times and detector signals. This ensures the traceability of substances and fulfills the requirements for quality assurance and testing verification. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50dba2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"50dba2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72d4431 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72d4431\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70b9286 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70b9286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQ on Liquid Chromatography<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee35b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dee35b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e61b609 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"e61b609\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What are the advantages of liquid chromatography (HPLC) compared to other separation methods for complex substance mixtures? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2410\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-664a235 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"664a235\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c459f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c459f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HPLC enables the separation of highly polar, thermally unstable, or non-volatile molecules that would not be analyzable in gas chromatography. Through various stationary and mobile phases, even complex substance mixtures can be separated with high resolution. Additionally, modern detectors and MS coupling provide very high sensitivity and unambiguous identification.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Which samples or matrices can be analyzed particularly well with HPLC\/LC (liquids, extracts, product solutions)? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2411\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56e581e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56e581e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-517ac2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"517ac2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>LC\/HPLC is particularly suitable for liquids, extracts, product solutions, formulations, as well as matrices containing polymers or additives. Even complex samples such as food, chemicals, pharmaceutical solutions, or material surface extracts can be reliably separated and analyzed. Matrix effects can be minimized through appropriate sample preparation.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What detection limits are achievable with coupled HPLC-MS or UPLC-MS? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2412\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03cfd06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03cfd06\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35270d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35270d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With HPLC-MS and especially UPLC-MS, detection limits in the low ppb to sub-ppb range are achievable, depending on the analytes, ionization sources, and matrix. Due to smaller particle sizes and sharper peaks, UHPLC systems additionally enable improved signal-to-noise ratios. This allows even trace impurities to be reliably detected.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> When is it worthwhile to use different detectors (DAD, fluorescence detectors, mass spectrometers) in liquid chromatography? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2413\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2b70e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2b70e1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b123b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"80b123b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>DAD detectors are suitable for broadly applicable quantitative UV analyses. Fluorescence detectors offer maximum sensitivity for specific, strongly fluorescent substances. Mass spectrometers are ideal when unambiguous identification or structural information is required\u2014especially for complex samples or unknown components.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How does the choice of the mobile phase and the solvent affect the duration of the analysis and the separation quality? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2414\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92c56c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"92c56c6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37fc072 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37fc072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The composition of the mobile phase directly influences retention times, peak shapes, and selectivity. Polar or non-polar solvents, pH value, and gradient design significantly determine the analysis speed and separation power. An optimally coordinated mobile phase shortens run times while simultaneously improving resolution.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can impurities or undesirable components in products be reliably identified using LC\/HPLC? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2415\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50c13a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50c13a5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad03ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad03ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, LC\/HPLC allows for the highly reliable identification of even the smallest impurities, especially in combination with DAD or MS detection. Retention times and characteristic detector signals serve as unique identification features. This enables even unknown or trace components to be reliably detected.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What requirements are there for sample preparation to ensure that the separation column and the column material are not damaged? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2416\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8992b90 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8992b90\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cbfbd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cbfbd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Particles, proteins, lipids, or polymer-containing components must be removed prior to injection through filtration, centrifugation, or solid-phase extraction. Additionally, only suitable solvents and pH ranges should be used to avoid damaging the column material. Clean sample preparation increases the lifespan of the separation column and ensures stable retention times.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2417\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2417\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> For which industries and applications (e.g., plastics, chemical, manufacturing industries) is liquid chromatography typically used? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2417\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c44c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87c44c9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-369ee14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"369ee14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Liquid chromatography is widely used in the plastics, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, environmental, and manufacturing industries. It serves to analyze additives, stabilizers, residues, degradation products, or quality parameters in production processes. Material analytics and product qualification also benefit from the high selectivity of LC\/HPLC.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2418\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"9\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2418\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What role does the determination of retention times play in the identification of analytes? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2418\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6fa9c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e6fa9c0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19a9380 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19a9380\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Retention times are a central identification feature in LC\/HPLC. They reflect the interactions of an analyte with the mobile and stationary phases and enable the unambiguous assignment of peaks. In combination with detector signals or MS fragments, a robust identification system is created.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2419\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"10\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2419\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do you also offer validated methods or methodological adaptations for customer-owned analytical systems? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2419\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36aee50 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"36aee50\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1726185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1726185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, both validated HPLC\/LC methods can be provided, and customized adaptations for existing analytical systems can be developed. This includes optimizations of column material, mobile phase, detection, and sample preparation. In this way, systems can be specifically tailored to the respective products and requirements.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"class_list":["post-10574","verfahren","type-verfahren","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verfahren\/10574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verfahren"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/verfahren"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verfahren\/10574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10575,"href":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/verfahren\/10574\/revisions\/10575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sashagmann.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}