Specialized analytical methods: investigation techniques for plastics and their recyclates

Services of our plastics laboratory – analysis, testing, and material evaluation

Our plastics laboratory combines state-of-the-art analytical techniques with comprehensive materials engineering expertise. We analyze plastics, compounds, and components with regard to their properties, composition, and behavior under thermal stress. By applying a wide range of polymer testing methods—from spectroscopic analysis to thermal characterization—we provide reliable results for quality assurance, product development, and application. We support our partners in data acquisition in the context of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, the Ecodesign Regulation.

Material analysis and identification of plastics, components and microplastics

“For the reliable identification of plastics and polymer-based components, we use a broad range of analytical methods that capture structural features, additive packages, and material properties. This enables the dependable characterization of both unknown samples and complex molded parts. In addition, we offer material analyses for the classification of microplastics as synthetic polymer microparticles (SPMs) in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2055 and Annex XVII of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH).

Identification of unknown plastics and compounds

Using FTIR, DSC, and complementary polymer testing methods, we determine polymer classes and reliably characterize plastic materials. This also allows complex compounds and engineering plastics to be identified with confidence

Analysis of composition, additives and residues

Using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), specialized digestion methods, and chromatographic techniques, we analyze additives, fillers, and residues. The analysis reveals how composition and material structure affect the properties and potential applications of the plastic.

Chromatographic methods for organic contaminants and additives

Chromatographic methods are central to the analysis of organic components such as additives, degradation products, or migration-relevant substances commonly found in plastics. Depending on the specific question, we select the appropriate technique to obtain targeted and quantifiable results within the scope of polymer testing.

HPLC for targeted analysis of semi-volatile and non-volatile components

HPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD enable the identification of low-volatility and non-volatile substances that are often added to or still present in plastics as auxiliaries, additives, oligomers, or residual monomers. These components are of high regulatory relevance and are intentionally incorporated into polymeric materials for technical reasons to modify material properties.

UPLC for overview measurements and screenings in the context of materials testing

UPLC-MS, with its excellent separation performance, is well suited for highly sensitive screenings. This allows additives, monomers, and undesired by-products or degradation products in polymeric materials to be detected quickly and efficiently in overview measurements.

GC-MS for volatile and off-gassing components

GC-MS allows the detection and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), residual solvents, and low-molecular-weight degradation products. This method enables a reliable assessment of specific material properties, such as the outgassing behavior of plastics.

GC-FID, GC-ECD, and GC-WLD for the quantitative determination of specific substance groups

These GC detector couplings expand the detection range for qualitative and quantitative analysis of analytes, enabling highly sensitive testing of specific substance classes such as halogenated compounds. They are ideal for monitoring substances subject to stringent regulatory requirements, for example the determination of PFAS, PCBs, POPs, and similar substances in recyclates.

Elemental and trace analysis of plastics

For the analysis of metallic or inorganic contaminants, we use highly sensitive mass spectrometric methods. These analyses provide precise data on metallic and inorganic components that are present in plastics at very low concentrations.

ICP-MS for the determination of metallic contaminants

ICP-MS detects metals, trace elements, and catalyst residues at low concentrations. This allows assessment of potential influences from pigments, processing aids, or manufacturing steps.

ICP-MS/MS for ultra-trace detection in plastic products

ICP-MS/MS achieves extremely low detection limits and minimizes matrix effects. This method is particularly suitable for high-demand products that must comply with stringent regulatory requirements in their target markets.

Infrared spectroscopy (IR) for plastic identification

FTIR is a fast and reliable method for the identification of plastics, fillers, and polymer blends.
The characteristic IR spectrum enables unambiguous assignment of the sample by comparison with reference materials and spectral databases.

Identification of plastics, blends, and fillers

By analyzing characteristic absorption bands, polymer types, copolymers, and fillers can be reliably identified. The method is suitable for both granules and components.

Detection of surface contaminants

FTIR allows the detection of thin residues, coatings, or surface contaminants. This is particularly important for failure analysis and quality assurance in the production process.

Thermal polymer testing: DSC and TGA

As an important part of modern polymer testing, thermal analyses provide valuable information on the behavior of materials at different temperatures. They are a key component of plastics analytics and support processing, material selection, and failure analysis.

DSC for the determination of melting and glass transition temperatures

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) provides data on melting points, glass transitions, and crystallinity. These properties are crucial for the processing and intended application of a material.

TGA for the analysis of fillers, residual moisture, and decomposition

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measures weight loss as a function of temperature, enabling the quantification of fillers, determination of residual moisture, and characterization of a material’s decomposition behavior.

Sampling, testing procedures, and meaningful results

A structured testing procedure ensures reproducible data and facilitates result interpretation. All steps—from sampling to documentation—are carried out transparently and traceably, and are managed in compliance with relevant standards by the quality management department as required.

Sample preparation of components, granules, and molded parts

Depending on the material and the specific question, sample preparation is carried out through mechanical processing such as cutting, grinding, or shredding, followed by homogenization. Proper preparation is crucial for obtaining reliable analytical results.

Documentation of results for quality assurance and claims management

Our quality management ensures the accurate and fully traceable documentation of all analytical results. This documentation is regularly reviewed by our QM department, supports our clients’ quality assurance, and serves as a basis for claims analysis.

FAQ on plastic analysis, testing methods, and laboratory services

In our FAQ, we answer key questions about plastic analysis, available methods, laboratory testing, as well as topics such as sample preparation, testing duration, and result interpretation. This provides a quick overview of relevant processes and typical issues in the field of polymer analytics.

Which polymer tests are performed in your plastics laboratory for plastic analysis?

Our plastics laboratory offers a range of polymer testing methods, including infrared spectroscopy for plastic identification, DSC and TGA for the determination of thermal properties, and chromatographic analyses for composition assessment. Depending on the sample, material, or component, we select the appropriate methods to provide reliable results for your products and their applications.

What is HPLC-MS used for in the analysis of plastics?

HPLC-MS is used in plastic analysis to examine plastics and materials for the composition of known and non-volatile components, such as additives and residual monomers. It enables precise analysis of semi-volatile and non-volatile substances and provides important information on properties, purity, and potential effects on products and their applications.

When is GC-MS or GC-FID useful for the analysis of organic contaminants in plastics?

GC-MS and GC-FID are used in plastic analysis to identify and quantify volatile organic contaminants and specific substance groups in plastics and materials. These tests provide important information regarding outgassing and potential effects on material properties and the safe use of products.

What advantages does UPLC-MS offer compared to conventional HPLC in material analysis?

UPLC-MS enables faster and more precise analysis of plastics and materials. With higher separation efficiency and sensitivity, additives, degradation products, and trace residues can be reliably detected simultaneously. This provides accurate information on composition and properties, supporting quality assurance and the safe use of your products.

How is UPLC technology used at SAS Hagmann?

UPLC-HR-MS with TOF enables precise determination of molecular masses in plastic analysis, allowing the characterization of unknown or complex materials. In contrast, HPLC-DAD/MS is primarily used for routine analyses and the examination of known substances.

How do you determine metallic contaminants in plastics using ICP-MS or ICP-MS/MS?

Using ICP-MS and ICP-MS/MS, we perform precise analysis of metallic trace elements in plastics and materials. These methods allow the determination of very low concentrations and provide insight into the composition of metallic inclusions and their potential impact on material properties and compliance with limits (e.g., RoHS). This enables reliable assessment of residues and evaluation for safe use.

Can GC-ECD and GC-WLD also detect trace residues in plastic products?

Yes, GC-ECD and GC-WLD can reliably detect even very low residues in plastics and materials. The analysis provides information on volatile substances, such as solvents or VOCs, which can affect outgassing.

How does Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) support the identification of plastics and components?

Optical microscopy is suitable for metals, alloys, and industrial materials where surface structure and particulate contamination need to be examined. Typical components include steel parts or precision components, for which metal analysis, metallography, and assessment of properties and material quality are required.

Which thermal properties of plastics can be analyzed using DSC and TGA?

DSC allows the determination of melting points, glass transitions, and crystallinity of plastics, while TGA measures weight loss as a function of temperature. Together, these thermal tests enable the evaluation of material properties, composition, and performance behavior in the laboratory.

How is sampling and sample preparation carried out for reliable plastic testing?

For reliable plastic testing, samples are selectively taken from components, granules, or molded parts. In the plastics laboratory, sample preparation is carried out through cutting, homogenization, or mechanical processing to ensure representative material. This allows accurate analysis of properties, composition, and thermal behavior, providing results suitable for plastic analysis.

For which applications and products do you recommend these specialized analytical methods for plastics?

Our specialized analytical methods for plastics are used to examine the properties, composition, and behavior of materials in technical components or products. They are particularly suited for engineering plastics, applications in the automotive industry, packaging, medical devices, and all regulated areas where precise plastic testing and material analysis are critical for quality, safety, and performance. The collected data thus contribute to the safety assessment and declared compliance of our clients’ products.

Our contacts

Contact us, and we will help you find the information you need and provide you with customized solutions for your specific requirements.

Plastic

Dr. Peter Tremmel

Graduate Chemist

UHPLC-TOF-MS